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عملگرهاي اصلی ریاضی در متلب - دکتر سعید عربعامری

عملگرهاي اصلی ریاضی در متلب

عملگرهاي اصلی ریاضی در متلب

  • : عملگر جمع رياضي و جمع ماتريس هاست . در مورد ماتريس ها تنها زماني مي توان از آن استفاده كرد كـه دو مـاتريس همبعد باشند و در اين حالت حاصل جمع دو ماتريس، يك ماتريس با همان ابعاد و درايه هاي آن مجموع درايه هاي متنـاظر است.
  • عملگر تفريق رياضي و تفريق ماتريس هاست و همانند عملگر جمع در مورد ماتريس ها بـين درايـه هـاي دو مـاتريس همبعد عمل مي كند .
  • : عملگر ضرب رياضي است و در مورد ماتريس ها به عنوان عملگر ضرب ماتريسي استفاده م ي شود و در اين حالت بايـد تعداد ستون هاي ماتريس سمت چپ علامت با تعداد سطرهاي ماتريس سمت راست آن برابر باشد و حاصلـضرب ماتريـسي است با تعداد سطر برابر با تعداد سطور ماتريس سمت چپ عملگر و تعدادستوني برابر با ماتريس سمت راست آن .

مثال :

>> U=[1 2 3;4 5 6];

>> V=[1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

>> U*V

ans= 38 44 50 56 83 98 113 128

*. : اين عملگر نيز براي ضرب استفاده مي شود، با اين تفاوت كه بين دو ماتريس همبعد قرار گرفته و درايه ها را نظير به نظير در هم ضرب مي كند و حاصلضرب يك ماتريس همبعد با ماتريس هاي ضرب شده است.

مثال :

>>A=[1 2 3];

>>B=[4 5 6];

>>A.*B

ans= 4 10 18

‘ و ‘. : اين عملگرها ماتريس ترانهاده را به ما مي دهند و تفاوت آنها زماني آشكار مي شود كه ماتريس داراي درايه هايي از نوع اعداد مختلط باش د، ز يرا ‘ هم اين ماتريس را ترانهاده نموده و هم مزدوج اعداد مختلط را به جاي آنها قرار مي دهد، در حالي كه ‘. فقط ماتريس را ترانهاده مي كند و تغييري در درايه ها ايجاد نمي كند . در مورد ماتريسي كه درايـه هـاي حقيقـي داشته باشد نتيجه ي استفاده از دو عملگر يكسان است . اگر عملگر ‘ روي يك عدد مختلط عمل كند حاصل آن مزدوج عدد خواهد بود. به مثالهاي زير توجه كنيد :

>>a=[1 1+i*1];

b=1+i*1;

>>a’ ans= 1.0000 1.0000 – 1.0000i

>>a.’

ans= 1.0000 1.0000 + 1.0000i

>>b’

ans= 1.0000 – 1.0000i

نویسنده: پور مقدس

 

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